What is The Mohs Hardness Scale?

(What is The Mohs Hardness Scale?)

The World Bank expects global economic growth to slow significantly, from 5.5% in 2021 to 4.1% in 2022 and further to 3.2% in 2023. Growth in East Asia and the Pacific is expected to slow to 5.1 percent in 2022, reflecting the impact of China’s economic slowdown, the report said. China’s economic growth is expected to fall to 5.1% in 2022, close to potential growth, due to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Chinese government’s tightening of regulations in certain sectors of the economy. The report said that the rapid spread of the Omicron variant means that the new crown epidemic is likely to continue to disrupt economic activity in the near future. In addition, decelerating growth in major economies, including the United States and China, will depress external demand in emerging markets and developing economies.Slow economic growth has a huge impact on quartz powder.

What is The Mohs Hardness Scale?The Mohs Hardness Scale is a standard that indicates the hardness of minerals. It was first proposed by German mineralogist Frederich Mohs in 1822. It is widely used in mineralogy or gemology.Mohs hardness is a method of scratching the surface of the tested mineral with a pyramidal diamond needle and measuring the depth of the scratch. the depth of the scratch is the Mohs Hardness Scale, represented by the symbol HM. It is also used to indicate the hardness of other materials. Hardness is expressed by measuring the depth of scratches on a scale of 10 (scratching method): 

Mineral
Chemical formula
Mohs hardness

Diamond
C
10

Corundum
Al2O3
9

Topaz
Al2SiO4(OH−,F−)2
8

Quartz
SiO2
7

Orthoclase feldspar
KAlSi3O8
6

Apatite
Ca5(PO4)3(OH−,Cl−,F−)
5

Fluorite
CaF2
4

Calcite
CaCO3
3

Gypsum
CaSO4·2H2O
2

Talc
Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
1

  The hardness of the tested mineral is determined by comparing it with the standard mineral in the Mohs hardness tester. For example, if a mineral can scratch calcite (3) but not fluorite (4), its Mohs hardness is 3-4. In the process of determination, it is necessary to make sure that the scratch is actually a scratch, not just a “chalk” mark that will be erased. If the species being tested are fine-grained, fragile or powdery, the test may only loosen the particles without testing the surface of a single mineral; therefore, certain textures or aggregate forms may hinder or hinder true hardness determination. Mohs hardness value is not absolute hardness value, but relative hardness value, relatively rough. But it is convenient and practical and suitable for field work. 

Hardness
Substance or mineral

0.2–0.3
caesium, rubidium

0.5–0.6
lithium, sodium, potassium, candle wax

1
talc

1.5
gallium, strontium, indium, tin, barium, thallium, lead, graphite, ice

2
hexagonal boron nitride, calcium, selenium, cadmium, sulfur, tellurium, bismuth, gypsum

2–2.5
halite (rock salt), fingernail, mica

2.5–3
gold, silver, aluminium, zinc, cryolite, lanthanum, cerium, jet

3
calcite, copper, arsenic, antimony, thorium, dentin, chalk

3.5
platinum

4
fluorite, iron, nickel

4–4.5
ordinary steel

5
apatite (tooth enamel), zirconium, palladium, obsidian (volcanic glass)

5.5
beryllium, molybdenum, hafnium, glass, cobalt

6
orthoclase, titanium, manganese, germanium, niobium, uranium, rhodium

6–7
fused quartz, iron pyrite, silicon, ruthenium, iridium, tantalum, opal, peridot, tanzanite, rhodium, jade, garnet, pyrite

7
osmium, quartz, rhenium, vanadium

7.5–8
emerald, beryl, zircon, tungsten, spinel

8
topaz, cubic zirconia, hardened steel, spinel

8.5
chrysoberyl, chromium, silicon nitride, tantalum carbide

9
corundum (includes sapphire and ruby), tungsten carbide, titanium nitride, aluminium oxide

9–9.5
silicon carbide (carborundum), zirconium carbide, alumina, beryllium carbide, titanium carbide, aluminum boride, boron carbide

9.5–near 10
boron, boron nitride, rhenium diboride (a-axis), stishovite, titanium diboride, moissanite (crystal form of silicon carbide)

10
diamond, carbonado

  What is a 10 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?On the Mohs hardness scale, a diamond has a hardness of 10, meaning it is the hardest mineral known to man. What is a 5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?Apatite (enamel), zirconium, palladium, obsidian (volcanic glass). Is 7 on the Mohs scale hard?Minerals with Mohs hardness of 7 include osmium, quartz, rhenium, vanadium and so on. They are harder than substances with Mohs hardness less than 7 (such as apatite, calcite, gypsum, etc.) and softer than those with Mohs hardness greater than 7. Hardness TestThe hardness test developed by Friedrich Mohs is the first known test to evaluate the scratch resistance of materials. This is a very simple but imprecise comparison test. Perhaps its simplicity makes it the most widely used hardness test.Since the invention of the Mohs hardness tester in 1812, many different hardness testing methods have been invented. These tests include Brinell, Knoop, Rockwell, Shore and Vickers Test. Each test uses a tiny “indenter”, which is applied to the material being tested and its force is carefully measured. The hardness value is then calculated by the size of the indentation or the depth and force. Chemical SupplierLuoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and nanomaterials including silicon powder, nitride powder, graphite powder, zinc sulfide, calcium nitride, 3D printing powder, etc.If you are looking for high-quality chemicals and nanomaterials, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (sales3@nanotrun.com) 

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(What is The Mohs Hardness Scale?)